Bibliography for ML1EU: The Making of Modern Europe: 1789 to the Present BETA

A. J. P. Taylor. ‘Prelude to Fashoda: The Question of the Upper Nile, 1894-5’. The English Historical Review 65, no. 254 (1950): 52–80. https://go.openathens.net/redirector/reading.ac.uk?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/556548?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.

Afflerbach, Holger, and D. Stevenson. An Improbable War: The Outbreak of World War I and European Political Culture before 1914. New York: Berghahn Books, 2012. http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/reading/detail.action?docID=946876.

Agulhon, Maurice. The Republican Experiment, 1848-1852. Vol. The Cambridge history of modern France. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983.

Alan J. Reinerman. ‘The Failure of Popular Counter-Revolution in Risorgimento Italy: The Case of the Centurions, 1831-1847’. The Historical Journal 34, no. 1 (1991): 21–41. https://go.openathens.net/redirector/reading.ac.uk?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2639706?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.

Alan Reinerman. ‘Metternich and Reform: The Case of the Papal State, 1814-1848’. The Journal of Modern History 42, no. 4 (1970): 524–48. https://go.openathens.net/redirector/reading.ac.uk?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1905827?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.

Aldcroft, Derek H., and Anthony Sutcliffe. Europe in the International Economy 1500 to 2000. Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar Pub, 1999.

Alder, Ken. Engineering the Revolution: Arms and Enlightenment in France, 1763-1815. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press, 1997.

Alexander Grab. ‘Army, State, and Society: Conscription and Desertion in Napoleonic Italy (1802-1814)’. The Journal of Modern History 67, no. 1 (1995): 25–54. http://www.jstor.org.idpproxy.reading.ac.uk/stable/2124982?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.

Alexander, R.S. Napoleon. London: Arnold/Hodder, 2001.

Alpert, Michael. A New International History of the Spanish Civil War. Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1994.

Alter, Peter. The German Question and Europe: A History. London: Hodder & Stoughton, 2000.

Alvin W. Gouldner. ‘Artisans and Intellectuals in the German Revolution of 1848’. Theory and Society 12, no. 4 (1983): 521–32. https://go.openathens.net/redirector/reading.ac.uk?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/657388?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.

Anderson, M.S., and Christopher Duggan. The Ascendancy of Europe: 1815-1914. Third edition. Harlow: Pearson Longman, 2003. http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/reading/detail.action?docID=1741867.

Andreas Hillgruber. ‘England’s Place in Hitler’s Plans for World Dominion’. Journal of Contemporary History 9, no. 1 (1974): 5–22. https://go.openathens.net/redirector/reading.ac.uk?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/260265?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.

Anthony D. Smith. ‘National Identity and the Idea of European Unity’. International Affairs (Royal Institute of International Affairs 1944-) 68, no. 1 (1992): 55–76. http://www.jstor.org.idpproxy.reading.ac.uk/stable/2620461?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.

Armitage, David. The Ideological Origins of the British Empire. Vol. Ideas in context. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.

Ascoli, Albert Russell, and Krystyna Von Henneberg. Making and Remaking Italy: The Cultivation of National Identity around the Risorgimento. Oxford: Berg, 2001.

Atkin, Nicholas, and Frank Tallett. Priests, Prelates and People: A History of European Catholicism since 1750. London: I. B. Tauris, 2003.

Balkir, Canan, and Allan M. Williams. Turkey and Europe. London: Pinter, 1993.

Banchoff, Thomas, and Mitchell P. Smith. Legitimacy and the European Union: The Contested Polity. London: Routledge, 1999.

Baranowski, Shelley. Nazi Empire: German Colonialism and Imperialism from Bismarck to Hitler. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011.

Bartolini, Stefano. The Political Mobilization of the European Left, 1860-1980: The Class Cleavage. Vol. Cambridge studies in comparative politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.

Bartov, Omer. Hitler’s Army: Soldiers, Nazis, and War in the Third Reich. New York: Oxford University Press, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195079036.001.0001.

———. Hitler’s Army: Soldiers, Nazis, and War in the Third Reich. New York: Oxford University Press, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195079036.001.0001.

———. The Eastern Front 1941-45: German Troops and the Barbarisation of Warfare. Vol. St. Antony’s / Macmillan series. London: Macmillan in association with St. Antony’s College Oxford, 1985.

Baumgart, Winfried. Imperialism: The Idea and Reality of British and French Colonial Expansion, 1880-1914. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1982.

Bayly, C.A. The Birth of the Modern World, 1780-1914: Global Connections and Comparisons. Vol. The Blackwell history of the world. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell, 2005.

Beales, Derek Edward Dawson, and Eugenio F. Biagini. The Risorgimento and the Unification of Italy. 2nd ed. London: Longman, 2002.

Beckett, I.F.W. The Great War, 1914-1918. 2nd ed. Vol. Modern wars in perspective. Harlow: Pearson-Longman, 2007.

Beevor, Antony. The Second World War. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2012.

———. The Second World War. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2012.

———. The Spanish Civil War. Vol. Cassell military paperbacks. London: Cassell, 2001.

Bell, P.M.H. The Origins of the Second World War in Europe. 3rd ed. Harlow: Pearson-Longman, 2007. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/reading/detail.action?milDocID=183071.

———. The Origins of the Second World War in Europe. 3rd ed. Vol. Origins of modern wars. Harlow: Pearson Longman, 2007. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/reading/detail.action?milDocID=183071.

Berend, Iván T., and György Ránki. The European Periphery and Industrialization 1780-1914. Vol. Studies in modern capitalism =. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982.

Berger, Helge; Spoerer, Mark. ‘Economic Crises and the European Revolutions of 1848’. The Journal of Economic History 61, no. 02 (2001): 293–326. https://go.openathens.net/redirector/reading.ac.uk?url=https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022050701028029.

Berger, Stefan. A Companion to Nineteenth-Century Europe, 1789-1914. Vol. Blackwell companions to European history. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell, 2006.

Berlanstein, Lenard R. The Industrial Revolution and Work in Nineteenth-Century Europe. Vol. Rewriting histories. London: Routledge, 1992.

Bessel, Richard. Germany after the First World War. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1993.

———. Nazism and War. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2004.

Best, Geoffrey. The Permanent Revolution: The French Revolution and Its Legacy, 1789-1989. London: Fontana Press, 1988.

Betts, Raymond F. The False Dawn: European Imperialism in the Nineteenth Century. Vol. Europe and the world in the age of expansion. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1976.

———. The Scramble for Africa: Causes and Dimensions of Empire. Boston: D.C.Heath, 1966.

Blackwell, W.L. Beginnings of Russian Industrialization, 1970.

Blanning, T. C. W., Hagen Schulze, and British Academy. Unity and Diversity in European Culture c.1800. Vol. Proceedings of the British Academy. Oxford: Published for The British Academy by Oxford University Press, 2006. https://go.openathens.net/redirector/reading.ac.uk?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197263822.001.0001.

Blanning, T.C.W. Reform and Revolution in Mainz, 1743-1803. Vol. Cambridge studies in early modern history. London: Cambridge University Press, 1974.

———. The French Revolution in Germany: Occupation and Resistance in the Rhineland 1792-1802. Oxford: Clarendon, 1983.

———. The French Revolutionary Wars, 1787-1802. Vol. Modern wars. London: Arnold, 1996.

———. The Nineteenth Century: Europe, 1789-1914. Vol. The short Oxford history of Europe. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.

———. The Origins of the French Revolutionary Wars. London: Longman, 1986. https://go.openathens.net/redirector/reading.ac.uk?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781315836928.

Blanning, T.C.W., Hagen Schulze, and British Academy. Unity and Diversity in European Culture, c.1800. Vol. Proceedings of the British Academy. Oxford: Published for The British Academy by Oxford University Press, 2006.

Blinkhorn, Martin. Fascism and the Right in Europe, 1919-1945. Vol. Seminar studies in history. Harlow: Longman, 2000.

Boardman, Kay, Kay Boardman, and Christine Kinealy. 1848: The Year the World Turned? Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2007.

Boemeke, Manfred F., Gerald D. Feldman, and Elisabeth Glaser. The Treaty of Versailles: A Reassessment after 75 Years. Vol. Publications of the German Historical Institute, Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C: German Historical Institute, 1998.

Boer, Pim den, Peter Bugge, Ole Woever, Kevin Wilson, W.J.van der Dussen, and Open University. The History of the Idea of Europe. Rev. ed. Vol. What is Europe? London: Routledge and The Open University, 1995.

Bosworth, Richard. Italy and the Approach of the First World War. Vol. The making of the 20th century. London: Macmillan, 1983.

———. Italy, the Least of the Great Powers: Italian Foreign Policy before the First World War. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979.

———. Mussolini. New ed. London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2010. http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/reading/detail.action?docID=1630355.

———. The Italian Dictatorship: Problems and Perspectives in the Interpretation of Mussolini and Fascism. London: Arnold, 1998.

Bourne, J.M. Britain and the Great War 1914-1918. London: Edward Arnold, 1989.

Bova, Russell. Russia and Western Civilization: Cultural and Historical Encounters. Armonk, N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe, 2003.

Breuilly, John. Austria, Prussia and Germany, 1806-1871. Vol. Seminar studies in history. London: Longman, 2002.

———. Nationalism and the State. 2nd ed. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1993.

———. Nineteenth-Century Germany: Politics, Culture, and Society 1780-1918. London: Arnold, 2001.

———. The Formation of the First German Nation-State, 1800-1871. Vol. Studies in European history / Macmillan. Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1996.

Briggs, Asa, and Patricia Clavin. Modern Europe, 1789-Present. 2nd ed. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis, 2014. http://reading.eblib.com/patron/FullRecord.aspx?p=1741873.

———. Modern Europe,1789-Present. 2nd ed. Vol. History of Europe. London: Pearson/Longman, 2003. http://reading.eblib.com/patron/FullRecord.aspx?p=1741873.

———. Modern Europe,1789-Present. 2nd ed. Vol. History of Europe. London: Pearson/Longman, 2003.

Broers, Michael G. Europe after Napoleon, 1814-1848. London: Manchester University Press, 1996.

———. Europe after Napoleon, 1814-1848. London: Manchester University Press, 1996.

———. Europe under Napoleon, 1799-1815. London: Arnold, 1996.

———. Napoleonic Imperialism and the Savoyard Monarchy, 1773-1821: State Building in Piedmont. Vol. Studies in French civilization. Lampeter: Edwin Mellen Press, 1997.

———. The Napoleonic Empire in Italy, 1796-1814: Cultural Imperialism in a European Context? Houndmills, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/reading/detail.action?docID=343790.

Broszat, Martin. Hitler and the Collapse of Weimar Germany. Leamington Spa: Berg, 1987.

Brown, Malcolm, and Shirley Seaton. Christmas Truce: The Western Front, December 1914. London: Pan, 1999.

Browning, Peter. Revolutions and Nationalities: Europe, 1825-1890. Vol. Cambridge perspectives in history. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.

Brustein, William. The Logic of Evil: The Social Origins of the Nazi Party, 1925-1933. New Haven, Conn: Yale University Press, 1996.

Bucholz, Arden. Moltke, Schlieffen, and Prussian War Planning. New York: Berg, 1991.

Burleigh, Michael. Confronting the Nazi Past. Vol. A history today book. London: Collins & Brown, 1996.

Burrow, J.W. The Crisis of Reason: European Thought, 1848-1914. Vol. Yale intellectual history of the West. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 2000.

Byrnes, Joseph F. Catholic and French Forever: Religious and National Identity in Modern France. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2005.

C. W. Newbury and A. S. Kanya-Forstner. ‘French Policy and the Origins of the Scramble for West Africa’. The Journal of African History 10, no. 2 (1969): 253–76. https://go.openathens.net/redirector/reading.ac.uk?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/179514?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.

Calvocoressi, Peter, and Guy Wint. Total War: Causes and Courses of the Second World War. London: Penguin, 1989.

Cannadine, David. Ornamentalism: How the British Saw Their Empire. London: Allen Lane, 2001.

Canning, Kathleen, Kerstin Barndt, and Kristin McGuire. Weimar Publics/Weimar Subjects: Rethinking the Political Culture of Germany in the 1920s. Vol. Spektrum. New York: Berghahn Books, 2010.

Carol Aisha Blackshire-Belay. ‘German Imperialism in Africa: The Distorted Images of Cameroon, Namibia, Tanzania, and Togo’. Journal of Black Studies 23, no. 2 (1992): 235–46. https://go.openathens.net/redirector/reading.ac.uk?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2784532.

Carr, Edward Hallett, and Michael Cox. The Twenty Years’ Crisis, 1919-1939: An Introduction to the Study of International Relations. Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2001.

Carr, Raymond. Spain 1808-1975. 2nd ed. Vol. Oxford history of modern Europe. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1982.

Carr, William. A History of Germany, 1815-1990. 4th ed. London: Edward Arnold, 1991.

———. Arms, Autarky and Aggression: A Study in German Foreign Policy, 1933-1939. Vol. Foundations of modern history. London: Edward Arnold, 1972.

———. The Origins of the Wars of German Unification. Vol. Origins of modern wars. London: Longman, 1991.

Carsten, F.L. The Rise of Fascism. 2nd ed. London: Batsford, 1980.

Chadwick, Owen. A History of the Popes, 1830-1914. Vol. Oxford history of the Christian church. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1998.

———. The Secularization of the European Mind in the Nineteenth Century. Canto ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990.

Chickering, Roger. Imperial Germany and the Great War, 1914-1918. 2nd ed. Vol. New approaches to European history. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004.

Chickering, Roger, and Stig Förster. The Shadows of Total War: Europe, East Asia, and the United States, 1919-1939. Vol. Publications of the German Historical Institute, Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C.: German Historical Institute, 2003. http://site.ebrary.com/lib/reading/Doc?id=10070391.

———. The Shadows of Total War: Europe, East Asia, and the United States, 1919-1939. Washington, D.C.: German Historical Institute, 2003. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/reading/detail.action?docID=217898.

Chickering, Roger, Stig Förster, and Bernd Greiner. A World at Total War: Global Conflict and the Politics of Destruction, 1937-1945. Vol. Publications of the German Historical Institute. Washington, D.C.: German Historical Institute, 2005.

———. A World at Total War: Global Conflict and the Politics of Destruction, 1937-1945. Washington, D.C.: German Historical Institute, 2005. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/reading/detail.action?docID=225384.

Cipolla, Carlo M. The Emergence of Industrial Societies. Vol. The Fontana economic history of Europe. Hassocks: Harvester, 1976.

———. The Industrial Revolution, 1700-1914. Vol. The Fontana economic history of Europe. Hassocks: Harvester Press, 1976.

Clark, Christopher M. Kaiser William II. Vol. Profiles in power. Harlow: Longman, 2000.

———. The Sleepwalkers: How Europe Went to War in 1914. London: Penguin, 2013.

Clark, Christopher M., and Wolfram Kaiser. Culture Wars: Secular-Catholic Conflict in Nineteenth-Century Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.

Clark, Martin. The Italian Risorgimento. Vol. Seminar studies in history. London: Longman, 1998.

———. The Italian Risorgimento. London: Longman, 1998. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/reading/detail.action?docID=4977060.

Clavin, Patricia. The Great Depression in Europe, 1929-1939. Vol. European history in perspective. Basingstoke: Macmillan, 2000.

Coetzee, Marilyn Shevin, and Frans Coetzee. The World in Flames: A World War II Sourcebook. New York: Oxford University Press, 2011.

Conklin, Alice L., Sarah Fishman, and Robert Zaretsky. France and Its Empire since 1870. Second edition. New York: Oxford University Press, 2015.

Cook, Chris, and John Stevenson. The Routledge Companion to European History since 1763. Vol. Routledge companions to history. London: Routledge, 2005.

Cooke, J.J. New French Imperialism, 1880-1910, 1973.

Copeland, Dale C. The Origins of Major War. Vol. Cornell studies in security affairs. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2000.

———. The Origins of Major War. Vol. Cornell studies in security affairs. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2000.

Corner, Paul. The Fascist Party and Popular Opinion in Mussolini’s Italy. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198730699.001.0001.

———. The Fascist Party and Popular Opinion in Mussolini’s Italy. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198730699.001.0001.

Craig, Gordon A. Germany, 1866-1945. Vol. Oxford history of modern Europe. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1978. https://go.openathens.net/redirector/reading.ac.uk?url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.00821.

Craig, Gordon A. and American Council of Learned Societies. Germany, 1866-1945. Vol. Oxford history of modern Europe. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1999. https://go.openathens.net/redirector/reading.ac.uk?url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.00821.

Crook, Malcolm. Napoleon Comes to Power: Democracy and Dictatorship in Revolutionary France, 1795-1804. Vol. The past in perspective. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 1998.

Crozier, Andrew J. The Causes of the Second World War. Vol. History of the contemporary world. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1997.

Culpin, Christopher, and Ruth Henig. Modern Europe 1870-1945. Vol. Longman advanced history. Harlow: Longman, 1997.

D. Mack Smith. ‘Cavour’s Attitude to Garibaldi’s Expedition to Sicily’. Cambridge Historical Journal 9, no. 3 (1949): 359–70. https://go.openathens.net/redirector/reading.ac.uk?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3020764?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.

Dann, Otto, and J.R. Dinwiddy. Nationalism in the Age of the French Revolution. London: Hambledon Press, 1988.

Darwin, John. The Empire Project: The Rise and Fall of the British World-System, 1830-1970. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/reading/detail.action?docID=461122.

———. The Empire Project: The Rise and Fall of the British World-System, 1830-1970. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/reading/detail.action?milDocID=233667.

David M. Glantz. ‘The Red Army at War, 1941-1945: Sources and Interpretations’. The Journal of Military History 62, no. 3 (1998): 595–617. http://www.jstor.org/stable/120439.

Davidson, Eugene. The Making of Adolf Hitler: The Birth and Rise of Nazism. Columbia, Mo: University of Missouri Press, 1997.

Davies, Norman. Europe: A History. Repr. ed., with Corrections. Vol. Pimlico. London: Pimlico, 1997.

———. Europe: A History. Repr. ed., with Corrections. Vol. Pimlico. London: Pimlico, 1997.

———. Europe: A History. Repr. ed., with Corrections. Vol. Pimlico. London: Pimlico, 1997.

Davis, John A., Paul Ginsborg, and Denis Mack Smith. Society and Politics in the Age of the Risorgimento: Essays in Honour of Denis Mack Smith. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991.

Dawson, Christopher. The Making of Europe: An Introduction to the History of European Unity. Vol. Meridian books, M35. New York: Meridian Books, 1956.

De Grand, Alexander J. Italian Fascism: Its Origins & Development. 3rd ed. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2000.

De Groot, Gerard J. The First World War. Vol. Twentieth-century wars. Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2001.

Deane, Phyllis. The First Industrial Revolution. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979.

Deane, Phyllis, and W.A Cole. British Economic Growth 1688-1959: Trends and Structure. 2nd ed. Vol. Monographs / University of Cambridge Department of Applied Economics. London: Cambridge University Press, 1967.

Delanty, Gerard, and Jo Campling. Inventing Europe: Idea, Identity, Reality. Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1995.

Delzell, Charles F. Mediterranean Fascism, 1919-1945. Vol. Documentary history of Western civilization. New York: Harper and Row, 1970.

Demossier, Marion. The European Puzzle: The Political Structuring of Cultural Identities at a Time of Transition. New York: Berghahn Books, 2007.

Derfler, Leslie. Paul Lafargue and the Flowering of French Socialism, 1882-1911. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1998.

Dinan, Desmond. Origins and Evolution of the European Union. 2nd ed. Vol. New European Union series. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014.

Dowe, Dieter. Europe in 1848: Revolution and Reform. New York: Berghahn Books, 2001.

Doyle, William. The Old European Order, 1660-1800. 2nd ed. Vol. The short Oxford history of the modern world. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992.

Droz, Jacques. Europe between Revolutions 1815-1848. Vol. Fontana history of Europe. [London]: Collins, 1967.

Dugan, Sally, and David Dugan. The Day the World Took off: The Roots of the Industrial Revolution. London: Channel 4, 2000.

Duggan, Christopher. Fascist Voices: An Intimate History of Mussolini’s Italy. London: Bodley Head, 2012.

Dukes, Paul. A History of Europe, 1648-1948: The Arrival, the Rise, the Fall. London: Macmillan, 1985.

Dumke, Rolf H. ‘The Political Economy of German Economic Unification: Tariffs, Trade and Politics of the Zollverein Era’. The Journal of Economic History 38, no. 01 (March 1978): 277–78. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022050700112203.

DuPlessis, Robert S. Transitions to Capitalism in Early Modern Europe. Vol. New approaches to European history. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press, 1997.

Duroselle, Jean-Baptiste. Europe: A History of Its People. London: Viking, 1990.

Duveau, Georges. 1848: The Making of a Revolution. London: Routledge, 1967.

Dwyer, Philip G. Napoleon and Europe. Harlow: Longman, 2001. https://go.openathens.net/redirector/reading.ac.uk?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781315840383.

———. Napoleon and Europe. Harlow: Longman, 2001. https://go.openathens.net/redirector/reading.ac.uk?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781315840383.

E. J. Knapton. ‘Some Aspects of the Bourbon Restoration of 1814’. The Journal of Modern History 6, no. 4 (1934): 405–24. https://go.openathens.net/redirector/reading.ac.uk?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1871641?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.

Eatwell, Roger. Fascism: A History. London: Chatto & Windus, 1995.

Edward Berenson. ‘A Permanent Revolution: The Historiography of 1789’. Modern China 21, no. 1 (1995): 77–104. http://www.jstor.org.idpproxy.reading.ac.uk/stable/189283?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.

Eley, Geoff. From Unification to Nazism: Reinterpreting the German Past. Boston Mass.: Allen & Unwin, 1986.

Eley, Geoff, and Ronald Grigor Suny. Becoming National: A Reader. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996.

Ellis, Geoffrey. The Napoleonic Empire. Vol. Studies in European history / Macmillan. London: Macmillan Education, 1991.

Ellis, Geoffrey James. Napoleon. Vol. Profiles in power. Harlow: Longman, 2000.

Ellwood, Sheelagh M. The Spanish Civil War. Vol. Historical Association Studies. Oxford: Blackwell, 1991.

Emsley, Clive and Open University. Conflict and Stability in Europe. London: Croom Helm [for] the Open University Press, 1979.

Enrico Dal Lago. ‘Society, Economy, and Politics in Restoration Italy: Towards a Regional Synthesis’. The Historical Journal 45, no. 1 (2002): 179–93. http://www.jstor.org.idpproxy.reading.ac.uk/stable/3133635?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.

Esdaile, Charles J. Popular Resistance in the French Wars: Patriots, Partisans and Land Pirates. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005.

———. The Wars of Napoleon. Vol. Modern wars in perspective. London: Longman, 1995.

Evans, David, and Jane Jenkins. Years of Weimar and the Third Reich. London: Hodder & Stoughton Educational, 1999.

Evans, Richard J. The Coming of the Third Reich. London: Allen Lane, 2003.

Evans, Robert John Weston, and H. Pogge Von Strandmann. The Coming of the First World War. Oxford: Clarendon, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198228417.001.0001.

Evans, Robert John Weston, and H. Pogge von Strandmann. The Coming of the First World War. Oxford: Clarendon, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198228417.001.0001.

Evans, Robert John Weston, and H. Pogge Von Strandmann. The Revolutions in Europe, 1848-9: From Reform to Reaction. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999. https://go.openathens.net/redirector/reading.ac.uk?url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199249978.001.0001.

Evans, Robert John Weston, and H. Pogge von Strandmann. The Revolutions in Europe, 1848-1849: From Reform to Reaction. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199249978.001.0001.

Eyck, Frank. The Revolutions of 1848-49. Vol. Evidence and commentary. New York: Barnes & Noble, 1972.

Faroqhi, Suraiya. The Ottoman Empire and the World around It. London: I. B. Tauris, 2004.

Fejtö, François, and A.J.P. Taylor. The Opening of an Era : 1848: An Historical Symposium. London: Allan Wingate, 1948.

Ferguson, Niall. Empire: How Britain Made the Modern World. London: Penguin, 2004.

———. The Pity of War. London: Allen Lane, 1998.

Ferro, Marc. The Great War, 1914-1918. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1973.

Feuchtwanger, E.J. Imperial Germany, 1850-1918. London: Routledge, 2001.

Finaldi, Giuseppe. Mussolini and Italian Fascism. Harlow: Pearson Longman, 2008.

Fischer, Conan. The Rise of the Nazis. 2nd ed. Vol. New frontiers in history. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2002.

Fischer, Fritz. Germany’s Aims in the First World War. London: Chatto and Windus, 1967.

———. World Power or Decline: The Controversy over Germany’s Aims in the First World War. Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1975.

Fischer, Fritz, and Marian Jackson. War of Illusions: German Policies from 1911 to 1914. London: Chatto and Windus, 1975.

Fisher, Douglas. The Industrial Revolution: A Macroeconomic Interpretation. Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1992.

Ford, Franklin L. Europe, 1780-1830. Vol. General history of Europe. London: Longmans, 1970.

Gareth Stedman Jones. ‘The Mid-Century Crisis and the 1848 Revolutions: A Critical Comment’. Theory and Society 12, no. 4 (1983): 505–19. https://go.openathens.net/redirector/reading.ac.uk?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/657387?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.

Gay, Peter. Schnitzler’s Century: The Making of Middle-Class Culture, 1815-1914. New York: Norton, 2002.

———. The Bourgeois Experience: Victoria to Freud. New York: Oxford University Press, 1984.

Geiss, Imanuel. The Question of German Unification, 1806-1996. London: Routledge, 1997.

Gentile, Emilio. The Struggle for Modernity: Nationalism, Futurism, and Fascism. Vol. Italian and Italian American studies. Westport, Conn: Praeger, 2003.

George Fasel. ‘The Wrong Revolution: French Republicanism in 1848’. French Historical Studies 8, no. 4 (1974): 654–77. https://go.openathens.net/redirector/reading.ac.uk?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/285857?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.

Gifford, Prosser, and William Roger Louis. France and Britain in Africa: Imperial Rivalry and Colonial Rule. New Haven, Conn: Yale University Press, 1971.

Gilbert, Martin. Britain and Germany between the Wars. Vol. Problems and perspectives in history. London: Longmans, 1964.

Gilbert, Martin, and Richard Gott. The Appeasers. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1963.

Gildea, Robert. Barricades and Borders: Europe 1800-1914. 3rd ed. Vol. The short Oxford history of the modern world. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003.

———. Barricades and Borders: Europe 1800-1914. 3rd ed. Vol. The short Oxford history of the modern world. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003.

Glantz, David M. Before Stalingrad: Barbarossa - Hitler’s Invasion of Russia 1941. Stroud: Tempus, 2003.

———. Colossus Reborn: The Red Army at War : 1941-1943. Vol. Modern war studies. Kansas: University Press of Kansas, 2005.

Glantz, David M., and Jonathan M. House. When Titans Clashed: How the Red Army Stopped Hitler. Vol. Modern war studies. Lawrence, Kan: University Press of Kansas, 1995. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/reading/detail.action?docID=5244862.

Goldstein, Erik. The First World War Peace Settlements, 1919-1925. Vol. Seminar studies in history. London: Longman, 2002. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/reading/detail.action?docID=1474411.

———. The First World War Peace Settlements, 1919-1925. Vol. Seminar studies in history. London: Longman, 2002. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/reading/detail.action?docID=1474411.

Gollwitzer, Heinz. Europe in the Age of Imperialism, 1880-1914 ; Translated from the German by D. Adam and S. Baron. Vol. Library of European civilization. London: Thames and Hudson, 1969.

Gooch, John. The Unification of Italy. Vol. Lancaster pamphlets. London: Methuen, 1986.

Goodman, Jordan, and Katrina Honeyman. Gainful Pursuits: The Making of Industrial Europe 1600-1914. London: Edward Arnold, 1988.

Gordon R. Mork. ‘Bismarck and the “Capitulation” of German Liberalism’. The Journal of Modern History 43, no. 1 (1971): 59–75. https://go.openathens.net/redirector/reading.ac.uk?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1877926?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.

Gorman, Michael. The Unification of Germany. Vol. Cambridge topics in history. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989.

Gould, Roger V. Insurgent Identities: Class, Community, and Protest in Paris from 1848 to the Commune. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1995.

Grab, Alexander. Napoleon and the Transformation of Europe. Vol. European history in perspective. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003.

Graham, B.J. Modern Europe: Place, Culture and Identity. London: Arnold, 1998.

———. Modern Europe: Place, Culture and Identity. London: Arnold, 1998.

Greer, Thomas H., and Gavin Lewis. A Brief History of the Western World. 9th ed. Belmont, Calif: Wadsworth Thomson, 2005.

Gregory, Ross. The Origins of American Intervention in the First World War. Vol. Norton essays in American history. New York: Norton, 1971.

Gross, Michael B. The War against Catholicism: Liberalism and the Anti-Catholic Imagination in Nineteenth-Century Germany. Ann Arbor, Mich: University of Michigan Press, 2004.

Gruender, C.David, and Evanghelos Moutsopoulos. The Idea of Europe: Its Common Heritage and Future. New York: Paragon House, 1992.

Guerrina, Roberta. Europe: History, Ideas and Ideologies. London: Arnold, 2002.

Gurevich, A.ĪA. Categories of Medieval Culture. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1985.

H. L. Varley. ‘Imperialism and Rudyard Kipling’. Journal of the History of Ideas 14, no. 1 (1953): 124–35. https://go.openathens.net/redirector/reading.ac.uk?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2707499?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.

H. W. Koch. ‘Hitler’s “Programme” and the Genesis of Operation “Barbarossa”’. The Historical Journal 26, no. 4 (1983): 891–920. https://go.openathens.net/redirector/reading.ac.uk?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2639289?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.

Habakkuk, H.J., and M.M. Postan. The Cambridge Economic History of Europe, Vol. 6 The Industrial Revolutions and after : Incomes, Populations and Technological Change. Cambridge: At the University Press, 1965.

———. The Cambridge Economic History of Europe Vol. VI: The Industrial Revolutions and after: Incomes, Population and Technological Change (II) Part I. Vol. The Cambridge Economic History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1965.

Hahn, H.J. The 1848 Revolutions in German-Speaking Europe. Vol. Themes in modern German history series. Harlow: Longman, 2001.

Haigh, R.H., D.S. Morris, and A.R. Peters. The Rise and Rise of the Third Reich: Nazi Foreign Policy 1933-1939. Vol. Occasional papers from the Department of Political Studies, Sheffield City Polytechnic. Sheffield: Sheffield City Polytechnic, Department of Political Studies, 1981.

Haines, Michael R. ‘Population and Economic Change in Nineteenth-Century Eastern Europe: Prussian Upper Silesia, 1840–1913’. The Journal of Economic History 36, no. 02 (1976): 334–58. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022050700081717.

Halecki, Oskar. The Limits and Divisions of European History. New York: Sheed & Ward, 1950.

Hamerow, Theodore S. The Birth of a New Europe: State and Society in the Nineteenth Century. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1983.

———. The Birth of a New Europe: State and Society in the Nineteenth Century. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1983.

———. The Birth of a New Europe: State and Society in the Nineteenth Century. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1983.

———. The Birth of a New Europe: State and Society in the Nineteenth Century. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1983.

Hamilton, Richard F., and Holger H. Herwig. Decisions for War, 1914-1917. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004.

———. Decisions for War, 1914-1917. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/reading/detail.action?docID=228271.

Hans-Ulrich Wehler. ‘Bismarck’s Imperialism 1862-1890’. Past & Present, no. 48 (1970): 119–55. https://go.openathens.net/redirector/reading.ac.uk?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/650484?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.

Hardman, Andrew. Nineteenth Century Europe. London: Sussex Books, 1976.

Harley, C. Knick, and N.F.R. Crafts. ‘Simulating the Two Views of the British Industrial Revolution’. The Journal of Economic History 60, no. 03 (2000): 819–41. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022050700025778.

Harold T. Parker. ‘Why Did Napoleon Invade Russia? A Study in Motivation and the Interrelations of Personality and Social Structure’. The Journal of Military History 54, no. 2 (1990): 131–46. http://www.jstor.org/stable/1986039?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.

Hart, Jonathan Locke. Empires and Colonies. Cambridge: Polity, 2008.

Hart, R. Clash of Arms: How the Allies Won in Normandy. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2004.

Hartmut Pogge von Strandmann. ‘Domestic Origins of Germany’s Colonial Expansion under Bismarck’. Past & Present, no. 42 (1969): 140–59. https://go.openathens.net/redirector/reading.ac.uk?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/650184?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.

Hastings, Max. All Hell Let Loose: The World at War 1939-45. London: HarperPress, 2012.

———. All Hell Let Loose: The World at War 1939-45. London: HarperPress, 2012.

———. All Hell Let Loose: The World at War 1939-45. London: HarperPress, 2012.

———. Overlord: D-Day and the Battle for Normandy. London: Pan, 1985.

Haupt, Georges, and Peter Fawcett. Aspects of International Socialism, 1871-1914. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986.

Hay, Denys. Europe: The Emergence of an Idea. Vol. Edinburgh University publications. Edinburgh: University Press, 1957.

———. Europe: The Emergence of an Idea. Vol. Edinburgh University publications. Edinburgh: University Press, 1957.

Hayes, Paul M. Themes in Modern European History, 1890-1945. Vol. Themes in modern European history. London: Routledge, 1992.

Hayne, M. B. The French Foreign Office and the Origins of the First World War 1898-1914. Oxford: Clarendon, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198202707.001.0001.

Hayne, M.B. The French Foreign Office and the Origins of the First World War, 1898-1914. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198202707.001.0001.

Headrick, Daniel R. The Tools of Empire: Technology and European Imperialism in the Nineteenth Century. New York: Oxford University Press, 1981.

Hearder, Harry. Europe in the Nineteenth Century, 1830-1880. Vol. A General history of Europe. London: Longman, 1966.

———. Italy in the Age of the Risorgimento 1790-1870. Vol. A Longman history of Italy. London: Longman, 1983.

Heater, Derek. The Idea of European Unity. Leicester: Leicester University Press, 1992.

———. The Idea of European Unity. Leicester: Leicester University Press, 1992.

Henderson, W.O. Britain and Industrial Europe 1750-1870: Studies in British Influence on the Industrial Revolution in Western Europe. 3rd ed. Leicester: Leicester University Press, 1972.

———. Industrialization of Europe, 1969.

———. State and the Industrial Revolution in Prussia, 1958.

———. The Industrial Revolution on the Continent: Germany, France, Russia, 1800-1914. London: Frank Cass & Co, 1961.

———. Zollverein, 1939.

Henig, Ruth. The Origins of the First World War. 3rd ed. Vol. Lancaster pamphlets. London: Routledge, 2002.

———. The Weimar Republic, 1919-1933. Vol. Lancaster pamphlets. London: Routledge, 1998.

———. Versailles and after, 1919-1933. 2nd ed. Vol. Lancaster pamphlets. London: Routledge, 1995.

Henry Weisser. ‘Chartism in 1848: Reflections on a Non-Revolution’. Albion:  A Quarterly Journal Concerned with British Studies 13, no. 1 (1981): 12–26. https://go.openathens.net/redirector/reading.ac.uk?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4049111?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.

Herwig, Holger H. The First World War: Germany and Austria-Hungary, 1914-1918. 2nd ed. Vol. Modern wars. London: Bloomsbury, 2014. https://go.openathens.net/redirector/reading.ac.uk?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781474211031?locatt=label:secondary_bloomsburyCollections.

Hewitson, Mark. Germany and the Causes of the First World War. Vol. The Legacy of the Great War. Oxford: Berg, 2004.

———. Nationalism in Germany, 1848-1866: Revolutionary Nation. Vol. European studies series. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010.

Hewitson, Mark, and Matthew D’Auria. Europe in Crisis: Intellectuals and the European Idea, 1917-1957. New York: Berghahn Books, 2012. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/reading/detail.action?docID=1094717.

Hiden, John. Germany and Europe 1919-1939. 2nd edition. London: Longman, 1993.

———. Germany and Europe 1919-1939. 2nd edition. London: Longman, 1993.

———. Republican and Fascist Germany: Themes and Variations in the History of Weimar and the Third Reich, 1918-45. London: Longman, 1996.

Hillgruber, Andreas. Germany and the Two World Wars. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1981.

Hobsbawm, E.J. Age of Extremes: The Short Twentieth Century, 1914-1991. London: ABACUS, 1995.

———. Nations and Nationalism since 1780: Programme, Myth, Reality. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992.

———. The Age of Empire, 1875-1914. Vol. History of civilisation. London: Abacus, 1994.

———. The Age of Revolution: Europe 1789-1848. London: Abacus, 1997.

Hobsbawm, E.J. and American Council of Learned Societies. Nations and Nationalism since 1780: Programme, Myth, Reality. 2nd ed. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1992. https://go.openathens.net/redirector/reading.ac.uk?url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.01299.

Hodgart, Alan. The Economics of European Imperialism. Vol. Foundations of modern history. London: Edward Arnold, 1977.

Hoggart, Richard, and Douglas Johnson. An Idea of Europe. London: Chatto & Windus, 1987.

Howard, Michael. The First World War. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/reading/detail.action?milDocID=75321.

———. The First World War. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/reading/detail.action?milDocID=75321.

———. The First World War: A Very Short Introduction. Vol. Very short introductions. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007.

———. The Lessons of History. Oxford: Clarendon, 1991.

Huck, Paul. ‘Infant Mortality and Living Standards of English Workers During the Industrial Revolution’. The Journal of Economic History 55, no. 03 (September 1995). https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022050700041620.

Hutchinson, John, and Anthony D. Smith. Nationalism. Vol. Oxford readers. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994.

Hyam, Ronald. Britain’s Imperial Century, 1815-1914: A Study of Empire and Expansion. 3rd ed. Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2002. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/reading/detail.action?docID=6295578.

Ian L. D. Forbes. ‘German Informal Imperialism in South America before 1914’. The Economic History Review 31, no. 3 (1978): 384–98. https://go.openathens.net/redirector/reading.ac.uk?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2598760.

Jackson, Julian. Europe 1900-1945. Vol. The short Oxford history of Europe. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002.

Jacques Delacroix and François Nielsen. ‘The Beloved Myth: Protestantism and the Rise of Industrial Capitalism in Nineteenth-Century Europe’. Social Forces 80, no. 2 (2001): 509–53. https://go.openathens.net/redirector/reading.ac.uk?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2675588?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.

James, Harold. Europe Reborn: A History, 1914-2000. Vol. Longman history of modern Europe. Harlow, England: Pearson Longman, 2003. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/reading/detail.action?docID=1733961.

James M. Diehl. ‘Germany in Defeat, 1918 and 1945: Some Comparisons and Contrasts’. The History Teacher 22, no. 4 (1989): 397–409. https://go.openathens.net/redirector/reading.ac.uk?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/494765?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.

John Breuilly. ‘Nation and Nationalism in Modern German History’. The Historical Journal 33, no. 3 (1990): 659–75. https://go.openathens.net/redirector/reading.ac.uk?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2639736?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.

John F. Flynn. ‘At the Threshold of Dissolution: The National Liberals and Bismarck 1877/1878’. The Historical Journal 31, no. 2 (1988): 319–40. https://go.openathens.net/redirector/reading.ac.uk?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2639216?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.

John F. Laffey. ‘Roots of French Imperialism in the Nineteenth Century: The Case of Lyon’. French Historical Studies 6, no. 1 (1969): 78–92. https://go.openathens.net/redirector/reading.ac.uk?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/286245?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.

John R. Gillis. ‘Political Decay and the European Revolutions, 1789-1848’. World Politics 22, no. 3 (1970): 344–70. https://go.openathens.net/redirector/reading.ac.uk?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2009601?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.

Johnson, Robert. British Imperialism. Vol. Histories and controversies. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003.

Joll, James. Europe since 1870: An International History. 4th ed. London: Penguin, 1990.

———. The Origins of the First World War. 3rd ed. Vol. Origins of modern wars. London: Longman, 2007.

Jones, Peter. The 1848 Revolution. Longman, 1981.

Judt, Tony. Socialism in Provence, 1871-1914: A Study in the Origins of the Modern French Left. Cambridge, Eng: Cambridge University Press, 1978.

Julian Hoppit. ‘Counting the Industrial Revolution’. The Economic History Review 43, no. 2 (1990): 173–93. https://go.openathens.net/redirector/reading.ac.uk?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2596785?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.

Kaelble, Hartmut. The European Way: European Societies during the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries. New York: Berghahn Books, 2004.

Kallis, Aristotle A. Fascist Ideology: Territory and Expansionism in Italy and Germany, 1922-1945. New York: Routledge, 2000.

Kamenka, Eugene, and F.B. Smith. Intellectuals and Revolution: Socialism and the Experience of 1848. Vol. Ideas and ideologies. London: Edward Arnold, 1979.

Keaveney, Arthur. Rome and the Unification of Italy. London: Croom Helm, 1987.

Kedward, H.R. Fascism in Western Europe, 1900-45. Blackie, 1969.

Keegan, John. The First World War. London: Hutchinson, 1998.

Keiger, John F.V. France and the Origins of the First World War. Vol. Making of the 20th century. London: Macmillan, 1983.

Kemp, Tom. Historical Patterns of Industrialization. 2nd ed. London: Longman, 1993.

Kennedy, Paul M. The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers: Economic Change and Military Conflict from 1500 to 2000. London: Fontana, 1989.

———. The War Plans of the Great Powers, 1880-1914. London: Allen and Unwin, 1979.

Kennet, Wayland. The Italian Left: A Short History of Political Socialism in Italy. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press, 1975.

Kindleberger, Charles Poor, J.Bradford De Long, and Barry J. Eichengreen. The World in Depression, 1929-1939. 40th anniversary edition. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2013.

King, Steven, and Geoffrey Timmins. Making Sense of the Industrial Revolution: English Economy and Society, 1700-1850. Vol. Manchester studies in modern history. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2001.

Kitchen, Martin. A History of Modern Germany, 1800 to the Present. 2nd ed. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/reading/detail.action?docID=706774.

———. A History of Modern Germany, 1800 to the Present. 2nd ed. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/reading/detail.action?docID=706774.

———. A History of Modern Germany, 1800 to the Present. 2nd ed. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012.

———. A History of Modern Germany, 1800 to the Present. 2nd ed. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/reading/detail.action?docID=706774.

———. A History of Modern Germany, 1800 to the Present. 2nd ed. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012.

———. A History of Modern Germany, 1800 to the Present. 2nd ed. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/reading/detail.action?docID=706774.

———. A History of Modern Germany, 1800 to the Present. 2nd ed. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012.

———. A History of Modern Germany, 1800 to the Present. 2nd ed. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/reading/detail.action?docID=706774.

———. A World in Flames: A Short History of the Second World War in Europe and Asia, 1939-1945. London: Longman, 1990.

———. Europe between the Wars. Second edition. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 2013.

Knox, MacGregor. Common Destiny: Dictatorship, Foreign Policy, and War in Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.

Koch, H.W. The Origins of the First World War: Great Power Rivalry and German War Aims. 2nd ed. Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1984.

Kochan, Lionel. The Struggle for Germany 1914-1945. Vol. Edinburgh University Publications. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1963.

Kocka, Jürgen. Facing Total War: German Society 1914-1918. Leamington Spa: Berg, 1984. https://go.openathens.net/redirector/reading.ac.uk?url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.01301.

Kocka, Jürgen and American Council of Learned Societies. Facing Total War: German Society, 1914-1918. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1984. https://go.openathens.net/redirector/reading.ac.uk?url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.01301.

Kocka, Jurgen, and Allan Mitchell. Bourgeois Society in Nineteenth-Century Europe. Oxford: Berg, 1993.

Körner, Axel. 1848: A European Revolution? : International Ideas and National Memories of 1848. Houndmills: Palgrave, 2000.

Kranzberg, Melvin. 1848: A Turning Point? Vol. Problems in European civilization. Boston: D.C. Heath, 1959.

Lake, Michael. The EU & Turkey: A Glittering Prize or a Millstone? London: Federal Trust for Education and Research, 2005.

Lamb, Margaret, and Nicholas Tarling. From Versailles to Pearl Harbor: The Origins of the Second World War in Europe and Asia. Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2001.

———. From Versailles to Pearl Harbor: The Origins of the Second World War in Europe and Asia. Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2001. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/reading/detail.action?milDocID=24884.

Landes, David S. The Unbound Prometheus: Technological Change and Industrial Development in Western Europe from 1750 to Present. 2nd. ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.

Langenbacher, Eric, William John Niven, and Ruth Wittlinger. Dynamics of Memory and Identity in Contemporary Europe. New York: Berghahn Books, 2012. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/reading/detail.action?docID=1337703.

Langhorne, Richard. The Collapse of the Concert of Europe: International Politics, 1890-1914. Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1981.

———. The Collapse of the Concert of Europe: International Politics, 1890-1914. Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1981.

Laszlo Deme. ‘The Society for Equality in the Hungarian Revolution of 1848’. Slavic Review 31, no. 1 (1972): 71–88. https://go.openathens.net/redirector/reading.ac.uk?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2494145?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.

Le Bon, Gustave, and Martha Hanna. Psychology of the Great War: The First World War and Its Origins. New Brunswick: Transaction, 1999.

Lees, Andrew, and Lynn Hollen Lees. Cities and the Making of Modern Europe, 1750-1914. Vol. New approaches to European history. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007.

Lewald, Fanny, and Hanna Ballin Lewis. A Year of Revolutions: Fanny Lewald’s Recollections of 1848. Providence, R.I: Berghahn Books, 1997.

Lewis, David L. The Race to Fashoda: European Colonialism and African Resistence in the Scramble for Africa. Bloomsbury, 1988.

Lewis, Gwynne. The French Revolution: Rethinking the Debate. Vol. Historical connections. London: Routledge, 1993. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/reading/detail.action?docID=166606.

Lieven, D.C.B. Russia and the Origins of the First World War. Vol. Making of the twentieth century. London: Macmillan, 1983.

Lightbody, Bradley. The Second World War: Ambitions to Nemesis. London: Routledge, 2004.

Lindemann, A.S. A History of European Socialism. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1983.

Lovett, Gabriel H. Napoleon and the Birth of Modern Spain. New York: New York University Press, 1965.

Lowe, John. The Great Powers, Imperialism, and the German Problem, 1865-1925. London: Routledge, 1994.

Lyons, Martyn. Napoleon Bonaparte and the Legacy of the French Revolution. Vol. European studies series. London: Macmillan, 1994.

———. Post-Revolutionary Europe, 1815-1856. Vol. European studies. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006.

———. Post-Revolutionary Europe, 1815-1856. Vol. European studies. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006.

Mack Smith, Denis. Cavour and Garibaldi, 1860: A Study in Political Conflict. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985.

———. Mazzini. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1994.

———. The Making of Italy, 1796-1866. Vol. Documentary history of Western civilization. London: Macmillan, 1988.

———. Victor Emanuel, Cavour and the Risorgimento. London: Oxford University Press, 1971.

MacKenzie, John M. The Partition of Africa, 1880-1900: And European Imperialism in the Nineteenth Century. Vol. Lancaster pamphlets. London: Methuen, 1983.

Macmillan, Margaret Olwen. Peacemakers: The Paris Conference of 1919 and Its Attempt to End War. London: John Murray, 2003.

Mann, Michael. Fascists. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004.

Margaret Lavinia Anderson. ‘The Limits of Secularization: On the Problem of the Catholic Revival in Nineteenth-Century Germany’. The Historical Journal 38, no. 3 (1995): 647–70. https://go.openathens.net/redirector/reading.ac.uk?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2640007?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.

Mark Traugott. ‘The Crowd in the French Revolution of February, 1848’. The American Historical Review 93, no. 3 (1988): 638–52. https://go.openathens.net/redirector/reading.ac.uk?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1868105?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.

Martel, Gordon. The Origins of the First World War. 3rd ed. Vol. Seminar studies in history. London: Longman, 2003.

———. The Origins of the Second World War Reconsidered: A.J.P. Taylor and the Historians. 2nd ed. London: Routledge, 1999.

———. The Origins of the Second World War Reconsidered: A.J.P. Taylor and the Historians. 2nd ed. London: Routledge, 1999.

———. The Origins of the Second World War Reconsidered: A.J.P. Taylor and the Historians. 2nd ed. London: Routledge, 1999.

———. The World War Two Reader. New York: Routledge, 2004.

Martyn P. Thompson. ‘Ideas of Europe during the French Revolution and Napoleonic Wars’. Journal of the History of Ideas 55, no. 1 (1994): 37–58. https://go.openathens.net/redirector/reading.ac.uk?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2709952?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.

Marwick, Arthur, Wendy Simpson, and Clive Emsley. Total War and Historical Change: Europe, 1914-1955. Buckingham: Open University Press, 2001.

———. Total War and Historical Change: Europe, 1914-1955. Buckingham: Open University Press, 2001.

Marx, Karl, Friedrich Engels, Jeffrey C. Isaac, and Steven Lukes. The Communist Manifesto. Vol. Rethinking the Western tradition. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2012.

———. The Communist Manifesto. Vol. Rethinking the Western tradition. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2012.

Mason, David Stewart. A Concise History of Modern Europe: Liberty, Equality, Solidarity. 3rd ed. Lanham, Md: Rowman & Littlefield, 2015.

———. A Concise History of Modern Europe: Liberty, Equality, Solidarity. 3rd ed. Lanham, Md: Rowman & Littlefield, 2015.

———. A Concise History of Modern Europe: Liberty, Equality, Solidarity. 3rd ed. Lanham, Md: Rowman & Littlefield, 2015. http://reading.eblib.com/patron/FullRecord.aspx?p=1918479.

Mason, Haydn, William Doyle, and Colston Research Society. The Impact of the French Revolution on European Consciousness. Gloucester: Sutton, 1989.

Massie, Robert K. Dreadnought: Britain, Germany, and the Coming of the Great War. London: Jonathan Cape, 1992.

Mathias, Peter, and M. M. Postan, eds. The Cambridge Economic History of Europe: Volume 7 Part 1: The Industrial Economies: Capital, Labour and Enterprise. Vol. The Cambridge economic history of Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1978. https://go.openathens.net/redirector/reading.ac.uk?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521215909.

———, eds. The Cambridge Economic History of Europe: Volume 7 Part 2: The Industrial Economies: Capital, Labour and Enterprise. Vol. The Cambridge economic history of Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1978. https://go.openathens.net/redirector/reading.ac.uk?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521215916.

Matthews, Andrew. Revolution and Reaction: Europe 1789-1849. Vol. Cambridge perspectives in history. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001.

———. Revolution and Reaction: Europe 1789-1849. Vol. Cambridge perspectives in history. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001.

May, A.J. Age of Metternich, 1814-1848, 1964.

Mayer, Arno J. The Persistence of the Old Regime: Europe to the Great War. London: Croom Helm, 1981. https://go.openathens.net/redirector/reading.ac.uk?url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.02870.

Mayer, Arno J. and American Council of Learned Societies. The Persistence of the Old Regime: Europe to the Great War. New York: Pantheon Books, 1981. https://go.openathens.net/redirector/reading.ac.uk?url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.02870.

Mazower, Mark. Dark Continent: Europe’s Twentieth Century. London: Penguin, 1999.

McDonough, Frank. The Origins of the First and Second World Wars. Vol. Cambridge perspectives in history. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.

———. The Origins of the First and Second World Wars. Vol. Cambridge perspectives in history. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.

McLeod, Hugh. Secularisation in Western Europe, 1848-1914. Vol. European studies series. Basingstoke: Macmillan, 2000.

Mecklenburg, Frank, and Manfred Stassen. German Essays on Socialism in the Nineteenth Century: Theory, History, and Political Organization, 1844-1914. Vol. The German library. New York: Continuum, 1990.

Milan Hauner. ‘Did Hitler Want a World Dominion?’ Journal of Contemporary History 13, no. 1 (1978): 15–32. https://go.openathens.net/redirector/reading.ac.uk?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/260090?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.

Miller, James Edward. From Elite to Mass Politics: Italian Socialism in the Giolittian Era, 1900-1914. Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 1990.

Miller, Steven E. Military Strategy and the Origins of the First World War. Rev. and Expanded ed. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1985.

Milward, Alan S. War, Economy and Society 1939-1945, 1977.

Milward, Alan S., and S.B. Saul. The Development of the Economies of Continental Europe, 1850-1914. London: Allen and Unwin, 1977.

Mokyr, Joel. The British Industrial Revolution: An Economic Perspective. 2nd ed. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1999.

Mombauer, Annika. The Origins of the First World War: Controversies and Consensus. Harlow: Longman, 2002.

Mommsen, Hans. The Rise and Fall of Weimar Democracy. ChapelHill: University of North Carolina Press, 1998.

More, Charles. Understanding the Industrial Revolution. London: Routledge, 2000. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/reading/detail.action?docID=169678.

Morgan, Philip. Fascism in Europe, 1919-1945. Vol. Routledge companions. London: Routledge, 2002.

———. Italian Fascism, 1919-1945. Vol. Making of the 20th century. Basingstoke: MacMillan Press, 1995.

Morris, T.A. European History: 1848-1945. Rev. ed. London: Collins Educational, 1995.

Moyer, Laurence. Victory Must Be Ours: Germany in the Great War, 1914-1918. London: Leo Cooper, 1995.

Müller, Klaus-Jürgen. The Army, Politics and Society in Germany, 1933-45: Studies in the Army’s Relation to Nazism. Vol. War, armed forces and society. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1987.

Musulin, Stella. Vienna in the Age of Metternich: From Napoleon to Revolution 1805-1848. London: Faber, 1975.

———. Vienna in the Age of Metternich: From Napoleon to Revolution 1805-1848. London: Faber, 1975.

N. F. R. Crafts. ‘Some Dimensions of the “Quality of Life” during the British Industrial Revolution’. The Economic History Review 50, no. 4 (1997): 617–39. https://go.openathens.net/redirector/reading.ac.uk?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2599879?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.

Nadel, George H., and Perry Curtis. Imperialism and Colonialism. Vol. Main themes in European history. New York: Macmillan, 1964.

Namier, L.B. 1848: The Revolution of the Intellectuals. Vol. Raleigh lecture on history. London: Cumbelege, 1944.

Nancy Birdsall. ‘Fertility and Economic Change in Eighteenth and Nineteenth Century Europe: A Comment’. Population and Development Review 9, no. 1 (1983): 111–23. https://go.openathens.net/redirector/reading.ac.uk?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1972899?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.

Neiberg, Michael S. Dance of the Furies: Europe and the Outbreak of World War I. Cambridge, Mass: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2011.

———. Fighting the Great War: A Global History. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 2005.

Neumann, Iver B. Russia and the Idea of Europe: A Study in Identity and International Relations. Vol. New international relations. London: Routledge, 1995.

Newell, William H. ‘The Agricultural Revolution in Nineteenth-Century France’. The Journal of Economic History 33, no. 04 (1973): 697–731. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022050700079171.

Nicholls, Anthony James. Weimar and the Rise of Hitler. 4th ed. Vol. The making of the twentieth century. London: Macmillan, 2000.

Nicolson, Colin. Longman Companion to the First World War: Europe, 1914-1918. Vol. Longman companions to history. Harlow: Longman, 2000.

Nipperdey, Thomas, and Daniel Nolan. Germany from Napoleon to Bismarck, 1800-1866. Dublin: Gill & Macmillan, 1996. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/reading/detail.action?docID=3030712.

Offer, Avner. The First World War, an Agrarian Interpretation. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1989. https://go.openathens.net/redirector/reading.ac.uk?url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.03445.

Offer, Avner and American Council of Learned Societies. The First World War: An Agrarian Interpretation. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1989. https://go.openathens.net/redirector/reading.ac.uk?url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.03445.

Orville T. Murphy. ‘Napoleon’s International Politics: How Much Did He Owe to the Past?’ The Journal of Military History 54, no. 2 (1990): 163–72. http://www.jstor.org/stable/1986041?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.

Otto Pflanze. ‘Bismarck and German Nationalism’. The American Historical Review 60, no. 3 (1955): 548–66. https://go.openathens.net/redirector/reading.ac.uk?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1845577?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.

Overy, R.J. The Inter-War Crisis 1919-1939. Vol. Seminar studies in history. London: Longman, 1994.

———. The Origins of the Second World War. 2nd ed. Vol. Seminar studies in history. London: Longman, 1998.

———. Why the Allies Won. 2nd ed. London: Pimlico, 2006.

Overy, R.J., and Andrew Wheatcroft. The Road to War. Rev. & Updated ed. London: Vintage, 2008.

P. K. O’Brien. ‘Agriculture and the Industrial Revolution’. The Economic History Review 30, no. 1 (1977): 166–81. https://go.openathens.net/redirector/reading.ac.uk?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2595506?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.

P. M. Kennedy. ‘Bismarck’s Imperialism: The Case of Samoa, 1880-1890’. The Historical Journal 15, no. 2 (1972): 261–83. https://go.openathens.net/redirector/reading.ac.uk?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2638121?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.

Pagden, A.R. Facing Each Other: The World’s Perception of Europe and Europe’s Perception of the World. Vol. An expanding world : the European impact on world history, 1450-1800. Aldershot: Ashgate/Variorum, 2000.

———. The Idea of Europe: From Antiquity to the European Union. Vol. Woodrow Wilson Center series. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, n.d. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/reading/detail.action?docID=217777.

Pakenham, Thomas. The Scramble for Africa, 1876-1912. London: Abacus, 1992.

Palumbo, Patrizia. A Place in the Sun: Africa in Italian Colonial Culture from Post-Unification to the Present. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2003.

Panayi, Panikos. Weimar and Nazi Germany: Continuities and Discontinuities. Harlow: Longman, 2001.

Parsons, Craig. A Certain Idea of Europe. Vol. Cornell studies in political economy. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2003.

Patriarca, Silvana, and Lucy Riall. The Risorgimento Revisited: Nationalism and Culture in Nineteenth-Century Italy. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012.

Patricia M. E. Lorcin. ‘Imperialism, Colonial Identity, and Race in Algeria, 1830-1870: The Role of the French Medical Corps’. Isis 90, no. 4 (1999): 653–79. https://go.openathens.net/redirector/reading.ac.uk?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/237655?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.

Payne, Stanley G. Falange: A History of Spanish Fascism. Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press, 1961.

Pearson, Raymond. The Longman Companion to European Nationalism, 1789-1920. Vol. Longman companions to history. London: Longman, 1994.

Pecora, Vincent P. Nations and Identities: Classic Readings. Vol. Keyworks in cultural studies. Malden, Mass: Blackwell, 2001.

Penrose, E.F. European Imperialism and. . Partition of Africa, 1975.

Pflanze, Otto. Bismarck and the Development of Germany. 2nd ed. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1992.

———. Bismarck and the Development of Germany. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1992. http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/reading/detail.action?docID=3031013.

Pipes, Richard. Russia under the Old Regime. Vol. History of civilisation. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1974.

Pollard, Sidney. Documents of European Economic History, 1972.

———. Essays on the Industrial Revolution in Britain. Vol. Collected studies series. Aldershot: Ashgate, 1999.

———. European Economic Integration, 1815-1970, 1974.

———. Peaceful Conquest: The Industrialization of Europe 1760-1970. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1981.

———. The Development of the British Economy, 1914-1990. 4th ed. London: Edward Arnold, 1992.

Pollard, Sidney, Colin Holmes, and Alan Booth. Economy and Society: European Industrialisation and Its Social Consequences. Leicester: Leicester University Press, 1991.

Porter, A. N. European Imperialism: 1860-1914. Vol. Studies in European history / Macmillan. Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1994.

Porter, Bernard. Critics of Empire: British Radical Attitudes to Colonialism in Africa, 1895-1914. London: Macmillan, 1968.

Power, Thomas Francis. Jules Ferry and the Renaissance of French Imperialism. New York: Octagon Books, 1977.

Preston, Paul. A Concise History of the Spanish Civil War. Rev. and Updated. London: Fontana, 1996. https://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=UniReading&isbn=9780007560417.

Price, Roger. Revolution and Reaction: 1848 and the Second French Republic. London: Croom Helm, 1975.

Przeworski, Adam, and John Sprague. Paper Stones: A History of Electoral Socialism. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1986.

Pugh, Martin. A Companion to Modern European History, 1871-1945. Cambridge, Mass: Blackwell, 1997.

Pulzer, Peter G.J. Germany, 1870-1945: Politics, State Formation, and War. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997.

R. V. Jackson. ‘Rates of Industrial Growth during the Industrial Revolution’. The Economic History Review 45, no. 1 (1992): 1–23. https://go.openathens.net/redirector/reading.ac.uk?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2598326?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.

Rafe Blaufarb. ‘The French Revolution: The Birth of European Popular Democracy?’ Comparative Studies in Society and History 37, no. 3 (1995): 608–18. http://www.jstor.org.idpproxy.reading.ac.uk/stable/179222?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.

Rath, Reuben John. The Viennese Revolution of 1848. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1977. http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/reading/detail.action?docID=4825819.

Riall, Lucy. Garibaldi: Invention of a Hero. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2007.

———. Sicily and the Unification of Italy. Oxford: Clarendon press, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198206804.001.0001.

———. Sicily and the Unification of Italy: Liberal Policy and Local Power, 1859-1866. Oxford: Clarendon, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198206804.001.0001.

———. The Italian Risorgimento: State, Society, and National Unification. Vol. Historical connections. London: Routledge, 1994.

Riall, Lucy, and David Laven. Napoleon’s Legacy: Problems of Government in Restoration Europe. Oxford: Berg, 2000.

Rich, Norman. Hitler’s War Aims: Vol. 1: Ideology, the Nazi State, and the Course of Expansion. New York: W.W. Norton, 1973.

Richards, Thomas. The Imperial Archive: Knowledge and the Fantasy of Empire. London: Verso, 1993.

Rietbergen, P. J. A. N. Europe: A Cultural History. Third edition. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 2015.

Robbins, Keith. Appeasement. Vol. Historical Association studies. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1988.

Robert L. Hess. ‘Italian Imperialism in Its Ethiopian Context’. The International Journal of African Historical Studies 6, no. 1 (1973): 94–109. https://go.openathens.net/redirector/reading.ac.uk?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/216975?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.

Robert S. Stuart. ‘“A ‘De Profundis’ for Christian Socialism”: French Marxists and the Critique of Political Catholicism, 1882-1905’. French Historical Studies 22, no. 2 (1999): 241–61. https://go.openathens.net/redirector/reading.ac.uk?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/286748?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.

Roberts, Geoffrey. The Unholy Alliance: Stalin’s Pact with Hitler. London: Tauris, 1989.

Roberts, J.M. The French Revolution. Vol. OPUS. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1978.

———. The Penguin History of Europe. London: Penguin Books, 1997. https://www.vlebooks.com/product/openreader?id=UniReading&accId=9368356&isbn=9780141925097.

———. The Penguin History of Europe. London: Penguin Books, 1997. https://www.vlebooks.com/product/openreader?id=UniReading&accId=9368356&isbn=9780141925097.

Robertson, Priscilla. Revolutions of 1848: A Social History. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1952.

Ronald J. Ross. ‘Enforcing the Kulturkampf in the Bismarckian State and the Limits of Coercion in Imperial Germany’. The Journal of Modern History 56, no. 3 (1984): 456–82. https://go.openathens.net/redirector/reading.ac.uk?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1880020?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.

Rowe, Michael. Collaboration and Resistance in Napoleonic Europe: State Formation in an Age of Upheaval, c. 1800-1815. Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003.

S. William Halperin. ‘The Origins of the Franco-Prussian War Revisited: Bismarck and the Hohenzollern Candidature for the Spanish Throne’. The Journal of Modern History 45, no. 1 (1973): 83–91. https://go.openathens.net/redirector/reading.ac.uk?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1877596?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.

Sammartino, Annemarie. The Impossible Border: Germany and the East, 1914-1922. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 2010. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/reading/detail.action?docID=3138629.

Sassoon, Donald. One Hundred Years of Socialism: The West European Left in the Twentieth Century. London: Fontana, 1997. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/reading/detail.action?docID=677036.

———. The Culture of the Europeans: From 1800 to the Present. London: HarperPress, 2006.

Saville, John. 1848: The British State and the Chartist Movement. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987.

Schivelbusch, Wolfgang. The Railway Journey: The Industrialization of Time and Space in the 19th Century. Berkeley, Calif: University of California Press, 1986.

Schreuder, D. M. The Scramble for Southern Africa, 1877-1895: The Politics of Partition Reappraised. Vol. Cambridge Commonwealth series. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1980.

Schroeder, Paul W. The Transformation of European Politics 1763-1848. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1994.

———. The Transformation of European Politics 1763-1848. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1994.

———. The Transformation of European Politics 1763-1848. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1994.

Schulze, Hagen. Nation-Building in Central Europe. Vol. German historical perspectives. Leamington Spa: Berg, 1987.

———. States, Nations, and Nationalism: From the Middle Ages to the Present. Vol. Making of Europe. Cambridge, Mass: Blackwell, 1996.

———. States, Nations, and Nationalism: From the Middle Ages to the Present. Vol. Making of Europe. Cambridge, Mass: Blackwell, 1996.

———. States, Nations, and Nationalism: From the Middle Ages to the Present. Vol. Making of Europe. Cambridge, Mass: Blackwell, 1996.

———. The Course of German Nationalism: From Frederick the Great to Bismarck, 1763-1867. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990.

Schwab, Gail M., and John R. Jeanneney. The French Revolution of 1789 and Its Impact. Vol. Contributions to the study of world history. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press, 1995.

Sergio Romano. ‘Cavour and the Risorgimento’. The Journal of Modern History 58, no. 3 (1986): 669–77. https://go.openathens.net/redirector/reading.ac.uk?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1880231?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.

Seton-Watson, Hugh. Nations and States: An Enquiry into the Origins of Nations and the Politics of Nationalism. London: Methuen, 1977.

Sharp, Alan. The Versailles Settlement: Peacemaking in Paris, 1919. Vol. Making of the 20th century. Basingstoke: Macmillan Education, 1991.

Sheehan, James J. German History, 1770-1866. Vol. Oxford history of modern Europe. Oxford: Clarendon, 1989.

Sheffield, G.D. Forgotten Victory: The First World War : Myths and Realities. London: Review, 2002.

Showalter, Dennis E. The Wars of German Unification. Vol. Modern wars. London: Arnold, 2004. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/reading/detail.action?docID=2085339.

Siemann, Wolfram. The German Revolution of 1848-9. Vol. European studies series. Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1998.

Simms, Brendan. The Impact of Napoleon: Prussian High Politics, Foreign Policy and the Crisis of the Executive, 1797-1806. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.

Sinclair W. Armstrong. ‘The Social Democrats and the Unification of Germany, 1863-71’. The Journal of Modern History 12, no. 4 (1940): 485–509. https://go.openathens.net/redirector/reading.ac.uk?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1871224?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.

Sked, Alan. Europe’s Balance of Power, 1815-1848. Vol. Problems in focus series. London: Macmillan, 1979.

———. The Decline and Fall of the Habsburg Empire, 1815-1918. 2nd ed. Harlow: Longman/Pearson, 2001.

———. The Decline and Fall of the Habsburg Empire, 1815-1918. 2nd ed. Harlow: Longman/Pearson, 2001.

Sondhaus, Lawrence. Naval Warfare, 1815-1914. Vol. Warfare and history. London: Routledge, 2001.

Sowell, Thomas. Conquests and Cultures: An International History. New York: Basic Books, 1998.

Sperber, Jonathan. The European Revolutions, 1848-1851. Vol. New approaches to European history. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.

Stadelmann, R. Social and Political History of the German 1848 Revolution, 1975.

Stearns, Peter N. 1848: The Revolutionary Tide in Europe. Vol. Revolutions in the modern world. New York: Norton, 1974.

Steenson, Gary P. After Marx, before Lenin: Marxism and Socialist Working-Class Parties in Europe, 1884-1914. Pittsburgh, Pa: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1991.

Steiner, Zara. The Lights That Failed: European International History, 1919-1933. Vol. Oxford history of modern Europe. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198221142.001.0001.

Steiner, Zara S. The Lights That Failed: European International History 1919-1933. Vol. Oxford history of modern Europe. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198221142.001.0001.

Steiner, Zara S., and Keith Neilson. Britain and the Origins of the First World War. 2nd ed. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003.

Steven R. Welch. ‘Revolution and Reprisal: Bavarian Schoolteachers in the 1848 Revolution’. History of Education Quarterly 41, no. 1 (2001): 25–57. https://go.openathens.net/redirector/reading.ac.uk?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/369478?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.

Stevenson, D. 1914-1918: The History of the First World War. London: Allen Lane, 2004.

———. Armaments and the Coming of War: Europe, 1904-1914. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1996.

———. Cataclysm: The First World War as Political Tragedy. New York: Basic Books, 2004.

———. French War Aims against Germany 1914-1919. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1982.

———. The First World War and International Politics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988.

———. The Outbreak of the First World War: 1914 in Perspective. Vol. Studies in European history. Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1997.

Stiles, Andrina. The Unification of Germany, 1815-90. London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1989.

Stjernø, Steinar. Solidarity in Europe: The History of an Idea. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.

Stoakes, Geoffrey. Hitler and the Quest for World Dominion. Leamington Spa, UK: St. Martin’s Press, 1986.

Stone, Norman. Europe Transformed, 1878-1919. 2nd ed. Vol. Blackwell classic histories of Europe. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1999.

Strachan, Hew. The First World War. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001.

Strawson, John. Churchill and Hitler: In Victory and Defeat. London: Constable, 1997.

Strehle, Stephen. The Dark Side of Church/State Separation: The French Revolution, Nazi Germany, and International Communism. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers, 2014.

Sylla, Richard, and Gianni Toniolo. Patterns of European Industrialization: The Nineteenth Century. London: Routledge, 1991.

Talbot Imlay. ‘Total War’. The Journal of Strategic Studies 30, no. 3 (8 April 2008): 547–70. http://www.tandfonline.com.idpproxy.reading.ac.uk/doi/full/10.1080/01402390701343516#abstract.

Tallett, Frank, and Nicholas Atkin. Religion, Society, and Politics in France since 1789. London: Hambledon Press, 1991. http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/reading/detail.action?docID=743195.

Taylor, A.J.P. The Struggle for Mastery in Europe, 1848-1918. Vol. Oxford history of modern Europe. Oxford: Clarendon, 1954.

Themes in Modern European History, 1780-1830. Vol. Themes in modern European history. London: Routledge, 1994.

Theodore Ziolkowski. ‘Napoleon’s Impact on Germany: A Rapid Survey’. Yale French Studies, no. 26 (1960): 94–105. https://go.openathens.net/redirector/reading.ac.uk?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2929229?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.

Thomas, Hugh. The Spanish Civil War. 4th ed., Anniversary ed. London: Penguin, 2012.

Thompson, Andrew S. The Empire Strikes Back?: The Impact of Imperialism on Britain from the Mid-Nineteenth Century. Harlow: Pearson Longman, 2005.

Thompson, Paul Richard. Socialists, Liberals and Labour: The Struggle for London 1885-1914. Vol. Studies in political history. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1967.

Thomson, David. Europe since Napoleon. 2nd ed. London: Longmans, 1962.

Tilly, Charles. Contention and Democracy in Europe, 1650-2000. Vol. Cambridge studies in contentious politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004.

———. The Formation of National States in Western Europe. Vol. Studies in political development. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1975.

Tilly, Charles, Louise Tilly, and Richard Tilly. The Rebellious Century, 1830-1930. London: Dent, 1975.

Tivey, Leonard. The Nation-State: The Formation of Modern Politics. Vol. Government and administration series. Oxford: Martin Robertson, 1980.

Tombs, Robert. France 1814-1914. Vol. Longman history of France. London: Longman, 1996. https://go.openathens.net/redirector/reading.ac.uk?url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781317871439.

Trebilcock, Clive. The Industrialization of the Continental Powers, 1780-1914. London: Longman, 1981.

Tsang, Rachel, and Eric Taylor Woods, eds. The Cultural Politics of Nationalism and Nation-Building: Ritual and Performance in the Forging of Nations. Abingdon: Routledge, 2013.

Tucker, Spencer C. The Great War, 1914-18. Vol. Warfare and history. London: Routledge, 2003.

Turner, L.C.F. Origins of the First World War. Vol. Foundations of modern history. London: Edward Arnold, 1970.

Ville, Simon P. Transport and the Development of the European Economy, 1750-1918. London: Macmillan, 1990.

Waller, Bruce. Bismarck. Vol. Historical Association studies. Oxford: Blackwell, 1985.

———. Themes in Modern European History 1830-90. Vol. Themes in modern European history. London: Routledge, 1992. http://site.ebrary.com/lib/reading/Doc?id=10060938.

Ward, Chris. Living on the Western Front: Annals and Stories, 1914-1919. London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2013. http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/reading/detail.action?docID=1158296.

Weber, Eugen. Peasants into Frenchmen: The Modernization of Rural France, 1870-1914. London: Chatto and Windus, 1977. https://go.openathens.net/redirector/reading.ac.uk?url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.01321.

Weber, Eugen and American Council of Learned Societies. Peasants into Frenchmen: The Modernization of Rural France, 1870-1914. Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press, 1976. https://go.openathens.net/redirector/reading.ac.uk?url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.01321.

Weinberg, Gerhard L. A World at Arms: A Global History of World War II. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.

———. The Foreign Policy of Hitler’s Germany: Starting World War II, 1937-1939. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1980.

Weinberg, Gerhard L. and American Council of Learned Societies. A World at Arms: A Global History of World War II. Cambridge, Eng.: Cambridge University Press, 1994. https://go.openathens.net/redirector/reading.ac.uk?url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.00331.

Wesseling, H.L. Divide and Rule: The Partition of Africa, 1880-1914. Westport, Conn: Praeger, 1996.

White, Owen, and J. P. Daughton. In God’s Empire: French Missionaries and the Modern World. New York: Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195396447.001.0001.

White, Owen, and J.P. Daughton. In God’s Empire: French Missionaries and the Modern World. New York: Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195396447.001.0001.

Williamson, Samuel R. Austria-Hungary and the Origins of the First World War. Vol. Making of the twentieth century. London: Macmillan Education, 1990. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/j.ctt1n2txft.

———. The Politics of Grand Strategy: Britain and France Prepare for War, 1904-1914. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1969. https://go.openathens.net/redirector/reading.ac.uk?url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.00336.

Williamson, Samuel R. and American Council of Learned Societies. The Politics of Grand Strategy: Britain and France Prepare for War, 1904-1914. London [England]: Ashfield Press, 1990. https://go.openathens.net/redirector/reading.ac.uk?url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.00336.

Wilson, Peter H. 1848: The Year of Revolutions. Vol. The international library of essays on political history. Aldershot, Hampshire: Ashgate, 2006.

Winks, Robin W., and R.J.Q. Adams. Europe, 1890-1945: Crisis and Conflict. New York: Oxford University Press, 2003.

———. Europe, 1890-1945: Crisis and Conflict. New York: Oxford University Press, 2003.

———. Europe, 1890-1945: Crisis and Conflict. New York: Oxford University Press, 2003.

Winks, Robin W., and Joan Neuberger. Europe and the Making of Modernity, 1815-1914. New York: Oxford University Press, 2005.

Wiskemann, Elizabeth. Europe of the Dictators: (1919-1945). Vol. Fontana history of Europe. London: Collins, 1966.

Wittram, Reinhard. Russia and Europe. Vol. History of European civilization library. [New York]: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1973.

Wolfson, Robert, and John Laver. Years of Change: European History, 1890-1945. 2nd ed. London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1996.

Woloch, Isser. Napoleon and His Collaborators: The Making of a Dictatorship. New York: W.W. Norton, 2002.

Woolf, S.J. A History of Italy, 1700-1860: The Social Constraints of Political Change. London: Methuen, 1979.

———. Fascism in Europe. London: Methuen, 1981.

———. Napoleon’s Integration of Europe. London: Routledge, 1991. https://go.openathens.net/redirector/reading.ac.uk?url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9780203408568.

———. Napoleon’s Integration of Europe. London: Routledge, 1991. https://go.openathens.net/redirector/reading.ac.uk?url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9780203408568.

———. Nationalism in Europe, 1815 to the Present: A Reader. London: Routledge, 1996.

———. The Italian Risorgimento. Vol. Problems and perspectives in history. London: Longmans, 1969.

Woolf, Stuart. ‘Napoleon and Europe Revisited’. Modern & Contemporary France 8, no. 4 (November 2000): 469–78. https://doi.org/10.1080/713685288.

Wright, D.G. Napoleon and Europe. Vol. Seminar studies in history. London: Longman, 1984.

Wrigley, E.A. People, Cities and Wealth: The Transformation of Traditional Society. Oxford: Blackwell, 1987.

———. Poverty, Progress, and Population. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004.

Zimmer, Oliver. Nationalism in Europe, 1890-1940. Vol. Studies in European history. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/reading/detail.action?milDocID=21966.

———. Nationalism in Europe, 1890-1940. Vol. Studies in European history. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/reading/detail.action?milDocID=21966.

Zuber, Terence. Inventing the Schlieffen Plan: German War Planning, 1871-1914. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199250165.001.0001.

———. Inventing the Schlieffen Plan: German War Planning, 1871-1914. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199250165.001.0001.